Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125 Sophisticated Ewa Learning and Strategic Teaching in Repeated Games

نویسندگان

  • Colin F. Camerer
  • Teck-Hua Ho
  • Juin-Kuan Chong
چکیده

Most learning models assume players are adaptive (i.e. they respond only to their own previous experience and ignore others' payo information) and behavior is not sensitive to the way in which players are matched. Empirical evidence suggests otherwise. In this paper, we extend our adaptive experience-weighted attraction (EWA) learning model to capture sophisticated learning and strategic teaching in repeated games. The generalized model assumes there is a mixture of adaptive learners and sophisticated players. Like before, an adaptive learner adjusts his behavior the EWA way. A sophisticated player however does not learn and rationally best-responds to her forecasts of all other behaviors. A sophisticated player can be either myopic or foresighted. A foresighted player develops multipleperiod rather than single-period forecasts of others' behaviors and chooses to `teach' the other players by choosing a strategy scenario that gives her the highest discounted net present value. Consequently a foresighted player can develop a reputation for herself by strategic teaching if she is matched with an adaptive player repeatedly. We estimate the model using data from p-beauty contests and repeated trust games. The generalized model is better than the adaptive EWA model in describing and predicting behavior. Including teaching also allows an empirical learning-based approach to reputation formation which is at least as plausible as the standard type-based approach.

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تاریخ انتشار 2001